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Optimized chunk production for compact usage of postage buckets: A Swarm Hack Week success

Optimized chunk production for compact usage of postage buckets: A Swarm Hack Week success

During the recent Swarm Hack Week, the Solar Punk team hosted a hackathon where Mirko from Etherna developed a project aimed at addressing the inefficiencies in postage batch consumption in Swarm’s data storage. Currently, storing data in Swarm requires purchasing postage batches with a depth much larger than necessary, leading to significant inefficiencies and increased costs. The project focused on optimizing this process to make the nominal space in postage batches truly usable.

Steps of development

Using Bee.Net, an open-source C# library, he introduced a “compaction level” ranging from 0 to 100. This compaction level controls the effort put into compacting chunks within buckets. At level 0, there is no effect on chunk compaction, while at level 100, the compaction is maximized. The compaction level sets a trigger limit on bucket collisions, prompting the system to mine a better chunk hash when collisions occur. To enhance precision at higher compaction levels, he implemented this using a parabolic function.

Mirko added a custom byte in front of each data chunk’s payload to enable the mining of different chunk hashes, resulting in data chunks containing 4095 bytes of actual information instead of the original 4096 bytes. To interpret these optimized chunks, the reader simply drops the first byte of each data chunk. This approach ensures that the optimization can be executed solely on the client side, though it would be more efficient if handled server-side.

The key advantages of this approach include making nominal space in postage batches usable, reducing postage batch costs, and not requiring additional resources for storing decryption keys. The algorithm works even if not all chunks within the postage batch are optimized, and different files can utilize different compaction settings, enhancing flexibility.

If you would like to take a closer look on the project’s code, you can reach it on the following link: https://github.com/Etherna/bee-net/tree/feature/BNET-99-swarm-hackathon-2024 

Future work

Future work will focus on developing a deterministic method for hash production to enhance consistency, refining the trigger level formula for better performance at lower levels, and investigating solutions for the potential impact of unoptimized chunks on lower depths due to the birthday paradox.

This Swarm Hack Week project has significantly advanced the optimization of Swarm’s storage. By implementing a compaction level and optimizing data chunks, he has made Swarm’s storage more efficient and cost-effective. This collaborative innovation exemplifies the potential for future improvements in decentralized data storage. Stay tuned for more updates as we continue to enhance Swarm’s capabilities!

Fake IDs & Fraudulent KYC: Can Crypto Find Salvation in Swarm-Powered Decentralisation?

Fake IDs & Fraudulent KYC: Can Crypto Find Salvation in Swarm-Powered Decentralisation?

The “OnlyFake” scandal, exposing the ease of bypassing KYC checks with forged IDs, throws a spotlight on the vulnerabilities of centralised verification systems in crypto. But fear not, for decentralisation and Swarm, a leading decentralised data storage and distribution technology, might hold the key to a more secure and empowering future.

Centralised KYC: A Honeycomb for Hackers and Fraudsters

Storing user data on centralised servers creates a honeypot for malicious actors. Deepfakes become potent weapons, exploiting weak verification processes to jeopardise financial security and erode trust. Opaque verifications further exacerbate the issue, leaving users with little control over their data and fostering privacy concerns.

Swarm & Decentralization: Empowering Users, Fortifying Security

Decentralisation offers a paradigm shift. By storing user data on blockchains like Swarm, a distributed and tamper-proof ledger, we eliminate central points of attack. Users regain control through self-sovereign identities, fostering trust and transparency. But how do we verify attributes without exposing sensitive information?

Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Verifying Without Revealing

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) act as cryptographic shields. They allow individuals to prove they possess certain characteristics (e.g., being above 18) without revealing any underlying data. This guarantees privacy while maintaining the integrity of verification.

A Glimpse into the Future: Secure & Empowering Crypto Identity Management with Swarm

Imagine a world where:

  • Swarm-powered decentralised storage eliminates honeypots, making data breaches a distant memory.
  • ZKPs render deep fakes useless by focusing on attribute verification, not identities.
  • Users hold the reins of their data, fostering trust and transparency within the ecosystem.

Here’s how Swarm and ZKPs could work together:

  1. Store ID data on Swarm: Users upload their encrypted ID documents to the decentralised Swarm network, ensuring data privacy and distribution across multiple nodes.
  2. Zero-knowledge verification: When required, users leverage ZKPs to prove they possess necessary attributes (e.g., age) without revealing the entire document.
  3. Empowered control: Users maintain complete control over their data, deciding who can access specific attributes and revoking access as needed.

The “OnlyFake” incident serves as a stark reminder of the need for change. By embracing Swarm-powered decentralisation and ZKPs, we can create a crypto space where security, privacy, and user empowerment reign supreme.

The question now lies with you: Are you ready to join the movement towards a more secure and empowering crypto future?

Understanding Erasure Coding in Distributed Systems: A Guide to Swarm’s Innovative Approach

Understanding Erasure Coding in Distributed Systems: A Guide to Swarm’s Innovative Approach

Introduction to Data Storage in Distributed Systems

In our increasingly digital world, the importance of effective and secure data storage cannot be overstated. Distributed systems, such as cloud storage networks, represent a significant advancement in this area. These systems distribute data across multiple locations, ensuring accessibility and resilience against failures or data losses. However, this distributed nature also introduces unique challenges in terms of data storage and retrieval. For instance, ensuring data integrity and availability across different nodes in a network becomes more complex. Understanding these challenges is crucial for appreciating the innovative solutions like Swarm’s erasure coding, which are designed to address these specific issues.

Overview of Erasure Coding in Swarm

Imagine you have a jigsaw puzzle, and even if a few pieces are missing, you’re still able to recognise the picture. This analogy aptly describes the principle behind erasure coding, a method used for protecting data in distributed systems like Swarm. In Swarm’s context, erasure coding is not just a safety net for missing data; it’s a strategic approach to ensure data is both secure and optimally stored. This coding technique involves dividing data into chunks, then adding additional ‘parity’ chunks. These extra chunks allow the system to reconstruct the original data even if some chunks are lost or corrupted, much like how you can still make out a picture with a few missing puzzle pieces.

Comparison with Traditional Methods

Traditional data storage methods often rely on redundancy—storing multiple copies of data across different locations. While this approach is straightforward, it’s not the most efficient, especially in terms of storage space and resources. In contrast, erasure coding, as used in systems like Swarm, presents a more sophisticated solution. It strikes an optimal balance between data availability and storage efficiency. By storing additional parity information rather than complete data copies, erasure coding provides a reliable means of data recovery with less overall storage requirement. This efficiency makes it particularly suitable for distributed systems, where resource optimization is key.

Deep Dive into Swarm’s Erasure Coding

Swarm’s implementation of erasure coding through Reed-Solomon coding is a masterclass in data protection. This method, at its core, involves breaking down data into manageable chunks, followed by the creation of additional parity chunks. These extra chunks act as a safety mechanism, allowing for the reconstruction of the original data, should any part be lost or corrupted. It’s a method that mirrors the intricacies of a well-crafted puzzle, where each piece, even if minor, plays a crucial role in the bigger picture. This intricate process not only ensures data integrity but also bolsters the system’s ability to recover from unforeseen data losses.

Real-World Applications in Swarm

In practical scenarios, Swarm’s use of erasure coding is a game-changer, especially in maintaining data integrity and availability. In real-world applications, such as cloud storage services, this translates to an unparalleled reliability for users. Whether it’s safeguarding critical business documents or preserving cherished family photos, Swarm’s system ensures that users’ data remains intact and retrievable, even in the face of partial data losses. This level of reliability and security is what makes Swarm stand out in the crowded field of data storage solutions.

Benefits Specific to Swarm’s Approach

Swarm’s unique approach to erasure coding brings with it a suite of advantages. The enhanced data security that comes from this method is the most prominent, providing a robust shield against data loss. Moreover, the system’s efficiency in data storage is noteworthy; by reducing the need for redundant data copies, it significantly cuts down on storage requirements. This efficiency is not just about saving space – it’s also about optimising resources and reducing costs, making it a highly cost-effective solution for large-scale data storage needs.

Technical Challenges and Solutions

The implementation of erasure coding in Swarm, while beneficial, is not without its complexities. Managing the intricate balance between data accessibility, integrity, and storage efficiency presents a significant challenge. However, Swarm’s sophisticated coding techniques and network management strategies have been meticulously designed to address these issues. By continually refining these strategies, Swarm ensures a seamless and reliable user experience, maintaining its status as a leader in distributed data storage.

Conclusion

Erasure coding in distributed systems like Swarm marks a significant milestone in digital data storage and protection. In an era where data’s value is ever-growing, the importance of technologies like erasure coding cannot be understated – they are essential for the reliability and security of our digital world.